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Diagnostic Tests
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A lower gastrointestinal (GI) series uses x-rays to diagnose problems in the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum. The lower GI series
may show problems like abnormal growths, ulcers, polyps, and diverticuli.
Before taking x-rays of your colon and rectum, the radiologist will put a thick liquid called barium into your colon. This
is why a lower GI series is sometimes called a barium enema. The barium coats the lining of the colon and rectum and makes
these organs, and any signs of disease in them, show up more clearly on x-rays. It also helps the radiologist see the size
and shape of the colon and rectum.
You may be uncomfortable during the lower GI series. The barium will cause fullness and pressure in your abdomen and will
make you feel the urge to have a bowel movement. However, that rarely happens because the tube the physician uses to inject
the barium has a balloon on the end of it that prevents the liquid from coming back out.
You may be asked to change positions while x-rays are taken. Different positions give different views of the intestines. After
the radiologist is finished taking x-rays, you will be able to go to the bathroom. The radiologist may also take an x-ray
of the empty colon afterwards.
A lower GI series takes about 1 to 2 hours. The barium may cause constipation and make your stool turn gray or white for a
few days after the procedure.
Preparation
Your colon must be empty for the procedure to be accurate. To prepare for the procedure you will have to restrict your diet
for a few days beforehand. For example, you might be able to drink only liquids and eat only nonsugar, nondairy foods for
2 days before the procedure; only clear liquids the day before; and nothing after midnight the night before. A liquid diet
means fat-free bouillon or broth, Jell-O®, strained fruit juice, water, plain coffee, plain tea, or diet soda. To make sure
your colon is empty, you might be given a laxative or an enema before the procedure. Your physician may give you other special
instructions.
The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health under the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services. Established in 1980, the clearinghouse provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive
disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. NDDIC answers inquiries; develops, reviews, and
distributes publications; and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate
resources about digestive diseases.
Publications produced by the clearinghouse are reviewed carefully for scientific accuracy, content, and readability.
This e-text is not copyrighted. The clearinghouse encourages users of this e-pub to duplicate and distribute as many copies
as desired.
e-text posted: 7 July 1998
