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Diagnostic Tests
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The upper gastrointestinal (GI) series uses x-rays to diagnose problems in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (first part of the small intestine). It may
also be used to examine the small intestine. The upper GI series can show a blockage, abnormal growth, ulcer, or a problem
with the way an organ is working.
During the procedure, you will drink barium, a thick, white, milkshake-like liquid. Barium coats the inside lining of the
esophagus, stomach, and duodenum and makes them show up more clearly on x-rays. The radiologist can also see ulcers, scar
tissue, abnormal growths, hernias, or areas where something is blocking the normal path of food through the digestive system.
Using a machine called a fluoroscope, the radiologist is also able to watch your digestive system work as the barium moves
through it. This part of the procedure shows any problems in how the digestive system functions, for example, whether the
muscles that control swallowing are working properly. As the barium moves into the small intestine, the radiologist can take
x-rays of it as well.
An upper GI series takes 1 to 2 hours. It is not uncomfortable. The barium may cause constipation and white-colored stool
for a few days after the procedure.
Preparation
Your stomach and small intestine must be empty for the procedure to be accurate, so the night before you will not be able
to eat or drink anything after midnight. Your physician may give you other specific instructions.
The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health under the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services. Established in 1980, the clearinghouse provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive
disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. NDDIC answers inquiries; develops, reviews, and
distributes publications; and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate
resources about digestive diseases.
Publications produced by the clearinghouse are reviewed carefully for scientific accuracy, content, and readability.
This e-text is not copyrighted. The clearinghouse encourages users of this e-pub to duplicate and distribute as many copies
as desired.
e-text posted: 7 July 1998
